Surgical intervention is a cornerstone of breast cancer treatment, aiming to remove cancerous tissue from the breast and, in some cases, nearby lymph nodes. There are two primary surgical options for breast cancer: 1. Lumpectomy (Breast-conserving surgery) – In a lumpectomy, the surgeon removes only the tumor and a surrounding margin of normal tissue while preserving the majority of the breast. This procedure is often followed by radiation therapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. Lumpectomy is typically recommended for early-stage breast cancer when the tumor is small relative to the breast size. 2. Mastectomy – Mastectomy involves the complete removal of the breast tissue and may include removal of the nipple and areola. There are several types of mastectomy procedures, including total (simple) mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, and radical mastectomy, depending on the extent of tissue removal. Mastectomy may be recommended for larger tumors, tumors in multiple areas of the breast, or when a woman chooses to remove both breasts (bilateral mastectomy) to reduce the risk of recurrence. Surgical intervention may also involve lymph node removal to assess whether cancer has spread beyond the breast. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a common technique used to identify and remove the first few lymph nodes that cancer is likely to spread to. In cases where cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, an axillary lymph node dissection may be performed to remove more lymph nodes from the underarm area. Following surgery, additional treatments such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy may be recommended to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and improve overall outcomes. In summary, surgical intervention for breast cancer plays a crucial role in removing cancerous tissue, assessing the extent of the disease, and determining further treatment options. It aims to achieve the best possible outcomes while preserving quality of life for patients.